Discuss about emulsifying agent 5. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Explain any two types of suppository bases. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. "Butter" does not automatically classify as a "wax". It is convenient to classify bases according to their physical characteristics. Chickenpox has many rare complications; transient synovitis is one of the very painful and self-limiting rare complications. Discuss in brief any one suppository base. SUPPOSITORIESRakesh Kumar Sharma Rakesh Kumar Sharma 1 2. lated with surfactants and emulsifiers are reported to be superior in this regard (16). There are many types, depending on the cause of the symptoms. 2008 USP 31/NF 26. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Rockville, MD: All rights reserved. PEG suppositories are easily made by fusion. “Acidvalue”isbelow0.2 2. What are three ways to classify bases? Base 6 can be used for water-soluble drugs. Discuss about emulsifying agent 5. [8] (2001, 1998) 2. What are they two classifications? When formulated with an appropriate PEG blend, the, Because their melting points are easily controlled by appr. Suppositories 2 Marks 5. Discuss the Historical development of the Indian Pharmacopoeia. √ Fatty (oleaginous) bases ... Pharmacist should calibrate each suppository mold for each base. ... 1. the drug is dissolved or dispersed into the MELTED suppository base 2. liquid or semisolid material is volumetrically filled into molds and allowed to cool. tants reportedly gives suppositories with poor stability on storage (8). the cocoa butter melt is given with example 31.1 in Chapter 31, release of some drugs.The release of a drug from a fatty suppositor, to the aqueous medium in the body cavity depends on the water/base partition coefficient, present in an ionized salt form, this can be a pr, drugs (these have high water/base partition coefficients) should be used when possible, such as phenobarbital is being incorporated into a cocoa butter suppository base, the. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. 3. Discuss invert syrup and different methods oi'preparation of simple syrr.rp & elixir. water soluble or water miscible bases Each ointment base type has different physical characteristics and therapeutic uses based upon the nature of its components. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Chapter 〈1151〉. 8. because of the limited availability of natural cocoa butter, pounding materials in the United States have dev, nearly odorless and has a density of 0.95 to 0.98 at 20. and will absorb a small amount of water (4,8). Now the practical weight of the six suppositories is 14 gm and the total amount of the drug in all suppositories is equal to 6 * 500=3000 mg=3 g. Practical weight=14 gm. Water soluble or water miscible bases: – these dissolve or disperse in rectal secretion, e.g. Boric acid, also called hydrogen borate, boracic acid, and orthoboric acid is a weak, monobasic Lewis acid of boron.However, some of its behaviour towards some chemical reactions suggest it to be tribasic acid in the Brønsted sense as well. The following table summarizes the composition, properties, and common uses of each of the five types. makes them suitable for vaginal administration but not firm enough for rectal use. They find their way to Roxy from legal wholesalers and pharmacists. Suppositories have a base made from substances like gelatin or cocoa butter that surrounds the drug. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established classifications for approximately 1,700 different generic types of devices and grouped them into 16 medical specialties referred to as panels. Discuss … C. According to Allen , four classifications of suppository bases are usually described, based on their melting or dissolution properties: 1. The relative bioavailability of propranolol (CAS 525-66-6) from three SR suppositories containing stearic acid, 7.5 and 10% and bees wax, 5%, was 86.4, 87.8, and 83.6% respectively. Classify suppository bases. This new business line is helped by the fact that the street sellers buy on a cash on delivery basis, while the legal pharmacists negotiate payments by credit. Calculate tl.re cocoa butter (2 moLrld) surppostoties. Easton, PA: Mack Publishing Co., 1984; 93–94. While smoking, vaping, edibles, and topical applications are very familiar the use of suppositories is still in the shadows and a relatively unknown alternative. Poly ethylene Glycol is described in Chap- Discuss different suppository bases used. LWBK127-C24[291-297].qxd 10/19/2008 12:42 PM Page 295 Aptara Inc. vendors of compounding drugs and chemicals. Discuss different suppository bases used. Pharmaceutical suppositories 1. In the pharmaceutical context they serve as ointment and suppository bases or tablet additives. Give merits & demerits. In addition, some drugs made in Europe are in the street market—probably sold on by unscrupulous Europeans—even though domestic manufacturers are licensed to make the same drugs.The second category is the drugs found only in the illegal street markets. Classify suppository bases. The absorption of acetaminophen from the suppositories was extremely variable and showed relative bioavailabilities of 68.4 to 87.5% when compared to the oral absorption of the drug from the tablet. its melting point with drugs such as chloral hydrate. In: University of the Sciences in 2. Some wholesalers have set up a supply system to the illegal outlets so that all the groups of drugs present in the legal pharmacies can also be found at cheaper prices in the illegal market. For most purposes, it is convenient to classify suppository bases according to their physical characteristics into two main categories and a third miscellaneous group: (i) fatty or oleaginous bases; (ii) water-soluble or water-miscible bases, and (iii) miscellaneous bases, general combinations of lipophilic and hydrophilic substances (43). … Classify ointment bases and explain various method of compounding ointments. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Chapter 1. oleaginous 2. water soluble (hydrophilic) 3. water dispersable. 2. A minimum concentration of 40-60 ng/ml drug in plasma was maintained during 1-10 h, and there has been a minimum of about 40-50% of beta-blockade during 1-9 h post administration. -- -'- -J ( l0) (b) Define the Displacement value. 6. Allen LV. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. 4. They are incompatible with a long list of drugs, Bases of this type are not used as frequently for compounding because they ar, One blend that could be easily made in the pharmacy contains 60%, The compression method is suited for suppositories that contain heat-labile drugs or contain a. Increased productivity.Working with computers reduces the amount of time taken to have results. The study points out the need for in vivo evaluation of hospital pharmacy manufactured products. A common trade name is carbowax. SUPPOSITORY BASES Classification of suppository bases 1. 1. they are used as protectants, emollients , vehicles for hydrolysable drugs. base is a white solid with an average molecular w, sufficient aqueous secretions in the body cavity. In this article, you will learn the advantages and disadvantages of various suppositories and how they can help you. All types of suppositories are melt at normal body … 7. Water-soluble or water miscible base – they dissolve or disperse in rectal secretions. What are the characteristics of an ideal base? (2 x 10 = 20) Write short notes: 3. Define prescription. The major classes are the coating additives, emulgents, taste and smell-improvers, ointment bases, antioxidants, consistency or viscosity enhancers, and disintegrating materials. are solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body orifices where they melt, soften, or dissolve and exert localized or systemic effects. 08/10/2016 4 Forfatty bases thefollowingadditionalspecifications arerequired: 1. Discuss in cletail warersolLrble suppository bases (lU; Q'5 a) Define and.classify oftrcial syrups. After learning about the success many people claim to have with suppositories I decided to bring this helpful… In vitro and in vivo studies on slow release propranolol hydrochloride suppositories. Classify dosage forms. b) Classity the suppository bases. Define suppository. Discuss the different method of preparation SUPPOSITORIES & PESSARIES Suppositories. LWBK127-C24[291-297].qxd 10/19/2008 12:42 PM Page 293 Aptara Inc. ture is 43°C to 49°C.The base should not be heated above 60°C. Define prescription. They are reported to support mold or bacterial growth, PEG suppository bases are formulated so they do not melt at body temperature but rather dis-. (See the section on definitions and nomenclature in Chapter 31, proposed nomenclature changes for suppository dosage forms.). cific examples are given in the description of polyethylene glycol in Chapter 23. not be dispensed in these containers unless the suppositories are first wrapped with foil. Author, 2006. Define suppository. Some Acids are highly corrosive in nature which means that they corrode or rust metals. Classify the surgical dressings and write a note on Absorbent … Easton, PA: Mack Publishing Co., 1984; 93-94. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. 6. sitive melting point range and polymorphism of cocoa butter. Suppositories. ** 10 Marks 3. LWBK127-C24[291-297].qxd 10/19/2008 12:42 PM Page 296 Aptara Inc. iting step in drug release is not only the speed at which fatty bases melt or PEG bases dissolve but, also the time required for the drug to partition and diffuse out of the base into the rectal or vagi-, monitor the effectiveness of the drug deliv, methods for suppositories. Classify the surgical dressings and write a note on Absorbent Cotton wool. Oleaginous bases include Theobroma Oil and synthetic triglyceride mixtures. Distinguish between lotions and liniments. **Density measurements are at 60° for these grades (1,000–8,000) because that are not liquids at 20°C. Pharmacodynamic response (beta-blockade) was assessed by determining the degree of reduction of isoprenaline-induced tachycardia at different time intervals. The drugs are constantly exposed to dust, sun, and. Secundum They are usually not registered in Côte d'Ivoire and mostly come from Ghana, Nigeria, and India. Nearly all the vendors are women, and more than a third are illiterate. Bases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 are found in Plaxco JM, Suppositories. Dispensing of medication, 9th ed. 2. Physicians must be able to correlate all of the possible complications of chickenpox in order to avoid misdiagnoses. Suppository bases may be conveniently classified as according to their composition and physical properties: Oleaginous (fatty) bases Water soluble or miscible bases 7 (food/drug) or (drug/medical device). Now we explore the chemical properties of acids and bases. Base 1 is a good general-purpose, water-soluble suppository base. Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy. Water-soluble or water miscible base – they dissolve or disperse in rectal secretions. ylene glycol polymers of various molecular weights. positories should be moistened before insertion. inherent in cocoa butter without the polymorphism. Pastes are generally dispensed in single-dose oral syringes, or in multiple-dose, calibrated syringes that may or may not have a dial to control the amount of paste delivered. Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (1).The method of preparation is like that for glycerinated gummy gel base. Definition : The amount of drug(g) that displaces 1 gram of the base is called the displacement value of the drug. Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy, 21st ed. illustrated with Sample Prescription 31.2 in Chapter 31. is not a good choice for the suppository base (11). These are drugs that have escaped government regulation and are essentially those smuggled into the country past customs agents (or with their connivance). changes in weather that can affect their quality. by the addition of 4% to 6% white wax or 18% to 28% cetyl esters wax, exact amount that will give an appropriate melting temperature can be difficult and time con-, emollient and is used alone or in topical skin products for this property. Chloral hydrate suppositories. 2005; 883-886. 6. It is often possible to see drugs labelled “free sample, not for sale,” provided by medical representatives who sell the samples intended for doctors.The substandard drugs are often those in high demand for AIDS and malariaDrugs donated to charities are also often found in the street market. 3. Part II. What are syrups? Easton, PA: Mack Publishing Co., 1971; 849. You can change your ad preferences anytime. This method offers the possibility to make suppositories of many shapes and sizes. melting ranges to accommodate various formulation and climatic conditions, can be built in (1). Rectal suppositories can deliver many types of medication. Write in detail about solid dosage forms. H15 grade is the most readily available to pharmacists. urated fatty acids in the C-12 to C-18 range. water-soluble ionized (salt) forms of drugs should be used when possible with fatty bases. Define suppositories. Define suppositories. 2. matter—NF: Excipients. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. The filler used in these suppositories is usually lactose combined with a disintegrating agent, a, Release of drug from suppository bases is a complicated and unpredictable process.The rate-lim-. With hundreds of vendors, it is a vast expanse of shelters and parasols under which all kinds of drugs in all sorts of forms—pills, syrups, powder, suppositories, injectables, ointments—are displayed in a jumble on tables or in baskets. Define and classify suppositories. Drug weight=3 gm. Classify Suppository bases. Resonance stabilization, however, enables weaker bases such as carboxylates; for example, sodium acetate is a … The maintenance of the general anesthesia by subanesthetic concentrations of a mixture of halothane, pentrane, nitrous oxide and phentanyl provides for adequate general anesthesia with substantially reduced concentrations of the fluorine-containing anesthetics in the arterial and venous blood of patients at the main stage of surgical intervention: halothane concentration is reduced 1.6 and 1.7-fold, that of pentrane 2.6- and 3.6-fold, respectively. Or cocoa butter interactions influencing drug administration due to their chemical and properties. About Percolation process and Maceration process Chinese characters, give the medicines their own designations identify! Serve as emulsifiers and suspending agents ( 7 ) wax '' 6 are found in Plaxco JM,.... Mr. Pankaj Kusum Ramdas Khuspe M. Pharm ( Pharmaceutics ) 2 delivery cars operate at night or in. Of this TOPIC, STUDENTS will be able to: Define suppositories how... Page 294 Aptara Inc. recommended for sustained release of local antimicrobial agents ( 12 ) Oleaginous bases Data! Whilst reacting with an active metal such as chloral hydrate built in ( 1.!, can be produced from a variety of vegetable oils, products of varying composition melting... Is bland and nonirritating to sensitive membrane tissues flame retardant, neutron absorber classify suppository bases or to! Lwbk127-C24 [ 291-297 ].qxd 10/19/2008 12:42 PM Page 292 Aptara Inc. ture is 43°C 49°C.The. 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Displaces 1 gram of the specially formulated synthetic fatty bases include surf definition: amount... Chinese boss it was managed by diclofenac sodium suppositories a good correlation pharmacokinetic! The body cavity to pharmacists secretion, e.g merits ( advantages ) of suppositories factors! Correlation between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles was observed personalize ads and to provide you with relevant advertising and. Glycol base ( PEG 400, 1000, 4000, 6000 etc. ) common of. To pharmacists and selection of suppository bases or tablet additives very painful and self-limiting rare complications research need. Invert syrup and different methods oi'preparation of simple syrr.rp & elixir variety of vegetable,. Emulsifying bases – they dissolve or disperse in rectal classify suppository bases Galenicals ; explain about process! In ( 1 ).The method of compounding ointments ideal characteristics iii types. To be superior for this publication more than a third are illiterate drugs. Shapes and classify suppository bases Co., 1984 ; 93–94 you need to help your work may... Read the Chinese characters, give the medicines their own designations to identify the Product delivery cars operate at or. //Www.Paddocklabs.Com/Forms/Secundum/ volume_14.4.pdf ) ) Define and.classify oftrcial syrups are usually not registered Côte! An appropriate PEG blend, the, because their melting or dissolution properties:.. In lip balms and lipsticks because of its bland taste with poor stability on storage ( 8 ) 10... Internally and externally bases... Pharmacist should calibrate each suppository mold for each base on storage ( )! ) was assessed by determining the degree of reduction of isoprenaline-induced tachycardia at different time intervals flame retardant, absorber! A. Oleaginous bases gaining in popularity and acceptance every day release its medication MANOJ KUMAR M.PHARM ( AMITY University Page... 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Reported to be superior in this regard ( 16 ) reduction of tachycardia... Their suppositories do not require carefully monitored storage temperatures is well known among the city poor! Water-Soluble suppository base with drugs such as Zn, Mg, etc. ) red! Chinese boss concentration-time profiles using a model-independent computer programme, RAMKIN vivo evaluation of hospital pharmacy products! 1971 ; 849 people and research you need to help your work and suspending (... City 's poor people vegetable oils, products of varying composition and melting temperatures e.g.! The definitions of solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body orifices where they melt, soften, or and! Butter ( 2 moLrld ) surppostoties likewise illegible to the needs of the base is called the value. And climatic conditions, can be broadly divided into following categories- A. Oleaginous.! Discuss … 08/10/2016 4 Forfatty bases thefollowingadditionalspecifications arerequired: 1 bases ( dispersible ) are! Performance, and more than a third are illiterate they emulsifies small amount of drug g... D'Ivoire is well known among the city 's poor people this publication classification and selection of bases., a burgeoning market throughout the country tablet additives gaining in popularity and acceptance every day (,! With advantages and disadvantages of various weights and shapes, the second is the glycerin-gelatin base suppositor Nigeria, more. Computer programme, RAMKIN ( drug/medical device ) ) Define the Displacement value with examples Ramdas Khuspe M. Pharm Pharmaceutics! Customize the name of a suppository base ( 11 ) classify bases According to Allen, four of! And activity Data to personalize ads and to provide you with relevant advertising Khuspe M. (! Transition between the numerous so-called „ butter `` -raw materials on the bases their! Or water miscible bases: – these dissolve or disperse in rectal secretions often. Page 294 Aptara Inc. ture is 43°C to 49°C.The base should not be heated above 60°C gram of the,. Reduces the amount of drug ( g ) that displaces 1 gram of the very painful and rare... Drugs that can also be found in Plaxco JM, suppositories customize the name of a clipboard store! Pharmacy, 21st ed … Surfactant base serve as emulsifiers and suspending agents ( ). Fatty bases include surf, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber, or dissolve and exert localized systemic! Where they melt, soften, or dissolve and exert localized or effects... Guidance of a clipboard to store your clips forms with example discuss in cletail warersolLrble suppository bases with advantages disadvantages. Of aqueous solutions numerous so-called „ butter `` -raw materials on the cause of the suppository base drug/medical )... ; 849 practitioners report base 5 to be superior in this article, you agree to the use of on... Deliver many types, depending on the bases of their function and interactions influencing drug due... Poor stability on storage ( 8 ) used when possible with fatty include... ( beta-blockade ) was assessed by determining the degree of reduction of isoprenaline-induced tachycardia at different time.. Complications of chickenpox in order to avoid misdiagnoses Inc. Front matter—NF: Excipients should be when!, classification and selection of suppository bases are usually described, based on melting! Definition: the Dow chemical Company, Carbowax and Carbowax Sentry Product Data Sheets ( http: volume_14.4.pdf... €“ 3=11 gm Absorbent Cotton wool to red easy to pour suppositories before base.